N. Baker, K. Steemers
E & FN Spon | 0419227709 | 1999 | PDF | 240 pages | 7 Mb
DESCRIPTION
This technical guide deals with environmental issues facing every architect at the concept stage of designing a building. This includes determining the energy use for lighting, heating, cooling and ventilation.
From the Back Cover
Half of global energy consumption occurs in buildings. Increasingly, the concern is not only to create a comfortable and healthy environment within each building, but also to ensure sustainability of resources. The environmental performance of buildings in relation to their design is a pressing issue.
Energy and Environment in Architecture explains the principles behind the LT Method (2.1), a manual design tool developed in Cambridge. The LT Method is a unique way of estimating the combined energy usage of lighting, heating, cooling and ventilation systems, to enable the designer to make comparisons between options at an early, strategic stage.
Other environmental design issues relating to energy use and to the quality of the internal environment, which cannot be calculated by one unified method, are also described. These topics include thermal comfort, noise and natural ventilation.
The book is primarily aimed at designers of non-domestic buildings, and is illustrated by case studies of health, education and office buildings.
LIST OF CONTENT
Part One: Energy and environment
Chapter 1 Introduction 2
Chapter 2 Low-energy strategies 3
Chapter 3 The provision of comfort 7
3.1 Thermal comfort 7
3.2 Indoor air quality 9
3.3 Visual comfort 12
3.4 Acoustic comfort 13
3.5 Adaptive opportunity and control 13
Chapter 4 Heating 18
4.1 Useful solar gains and thermal mass 19
4.2 Thermal balance of glazing 21
4.3 Orientation and overshadowing 22
4.4 Insulation and cold bridges 23
Chapter 5 Prevention of overheating 25
5.1 Cooling load reduction 25
5.2 Shading and orientation 27
5.3 Reduction of other heat gains 31
5.4 Ventilation cooling 33
5.5 Thermal mass 35
5.6 Night ventilation 38
Chapter 6 Daylighting 42
6.1 Daylight as energy 42
6.2 Daylight factor 43
6.3 The sky as a light source 44
6.4 Interaction of shading with daylighting 44
6.5 Lighting control systems 45
6.6 Daylighting and thermal function of glazing 47
Chapter 7 Ventilation 52
7.1 Ventilation regimes 52
7.2 Natural ventilation 54
7.3 Ventilation configurations 56
7.4 Use of stacks and ducts 58
7.5 Mechanical ventilation 59
7.6 Air-conditioning 61
Chapter 8 The passive zone concept 64
Chapter 9 Atria and sunspaces 66
9.1 Daylighting and atria 67
9.2 Winter performance 67
9.3 Summer performance 72
9.4 Heating in atria 75
Chapter 10 Energy systems 80
10.1 Energy sources 80
10.2 Renewable sources of heat 81
10.3 Electricity generation 82
10.4 Heat production and distribution 83
10.5 Heat emitters 84
10.6 Heat recovery 85
10.7 Controls 86
10.8 Management issues 86
Bibliography 88
Part Two: The LT Method
Chapter 11 Introduction to the LT Method 90
11.1 Technical background 90
11.2 Limitations of the LT Method 91
Chapter 12 How to use the LT Method 93
12.1 Step 1: the passive zone 93
12.2 Step 2: the glazing ratio 93
12.3 Step 3: the LT curves 94
12.4 Step 4: the LT worksheet 97
12.5 Primary energy and CO2 97
12.6 Interpretation of cooling energy 98
12.7 Step 5: the Urban Horizon Factor 100
12.8 Step 6: atria and sunspaces 101
Chapter 13 LT Method worked examples 105
13.1 Five-storey office building 105
13.2 Four-storey office building with atrium 107
13.3 School with conservatory 109
13.4 Nucleus hospital 111
Chapter 14 LT data and worksheet 113
14.1 LT data 114
14.2 The LT worksheet and notes 116
Bibliography 118
Part Three: Case studies
Introduction 120
1 Ionica Headquarters, Cambridge 121
2 St. Mary’s Hospital, Isle of Wight 130
3 Netley Abbey Infants’ School, Hampshire 137
4 Department of Electrical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and
Technology, Trondheim 144
5 BRF Headquarters, Copenhagen 152
Appendices 160
A.1 Glossary 160
A.2 The LT model 161
A.3 LT default values 162
A.4 Design checklist 163
Illustration acknowledgements 164
Index 165
EDITORIAL REVIEW
'A good solid reference book.' - Building
'With the help of a guide such as this, architects are enabled to exchange ideas and to ask more penetrating questions of fellow consultants.' - Architecture Today
With the help of a guide such as this, architects are enabled to exchange ideas and to ask more penetrating questions of fellow consultants. - Architecture Today
E & FN Spon | 0419227709 | 1999 | PDF | 240 pages | 7 Mb
DESCRIPTION
This technical guide deals with environmental issues facing every architect at the concept stage of designing a building. This includes determining the energy use for lighting, heating, cooling and ventilation.
From the Back Cover
Half of global energy consumption occurs in buildings. Increasingly, the concern is not only to create a comfortable and healthy environment within each building, but also to ensure sustainability of resources. The environmental performance of buildings in relation to their design is a pressing issue.
Energy and Environment in Architecture explains the principles behind the LT Method (2.1), a manual design tool developed in Cambridge. The LT Method is a unique way of estimating the combined energy usage of lighting, heating, cooling and ventilation systems, to enable the designer to make comparisons between options at an early, strategic stage.
Other environmental design issues relating to energy use and to the quality of the internal environment, which cannot be calculated by one unified method, are also described. These topics include thermal comfort, noise and natural ventilation.
The book is primarily aimed at designers of non-domestic buildings, and is illustrated by case studies of health, education and office buildings.
LIST OF CONTENT
Part One: Energy and environment
Chapter 1 Introduction 2
Chapter 2 Low-energy strategies 3
Chapter 3 The provision of comfort 7
3.1 Thermal comfort 7
3.2 Indoor air quality 9
3.3 Visual comfort 12
3.4 Acoustic comfort 13
3.5 Adaptive opportunity and control 13
Chapter 4 Heating 18
4.1 Useful solar gains and thermal mass 19
4.2 Thermal balance of glazing 21
4.3 Orientation and overshadowing 22
4.4 Insulation and cold bridges 23
Chapter 5 Prevention of overheating 25
5.1 Cooling load reduction 25
5.2 Shading and orientation 27
5.3 Reduction of other heat gains 31
5.4 Ventilation cooling 33
5.5 Thermal mass 35
5.6 Night ventilation 38
Chapter 6 Daylighting 42
6.1 Daylight as energy 42
6.2 Daylight factor 43
6.3 The sky as a light source 44
6.4 Interaction of shading with daylighting 44
6.5 Lighting control systems 45
6.6 Daylighting and thermal function of glazing 47
Chapter 7 Ventilation 52
7.1 Ventilation regimes 52
7.2 Natural ventilation 54
7.3 Ventilation configurations 56
7.4 Use of stacks and ducts 58
7.5 Mechanical ventilation 59
7.6 Air-conditioning 61
Chapter 8 The passive zone concept 64
Chapter 9 Atria and sunspaces 66
9.1 Daylighting and atria 67
9.2 Winter performance 67
9.3 Summer performance 72
9.4 Heating in atria 75
Chapter 10 Energy systems 80
10.1 Energy sources 80
10.2 Renewable sources of heat 81
10.3 Electricity generation 82
10.4 Heat production and distribution 83
10.5 Heat emitters 84
10.6 Heat recovery 85
10.7 Controls 86
10.8 Management issues 86
Bibliography 88
Part Two: The LT Method
Chapter 11 Introduction to the LT Method 90
11.1 Technical background 90
11.2 Limitations of the LT Method 91
Chapter 12 How to use the LT Method 93
12.1 Step 1: the passive zone 93
12.2 Step 2: the glazing ratio 93
12.3 Step 3: the LT curves 94
12.4 Step 4: the LT worksheet 97
12.5 Primary energy and CO2 97
12.6 Interpretation of cooling energy 98
12.7 Step 5: the Urban Horizon Factor 100
12.8 Step 6: atria and sunspaces 101
Chapter 13 LT Method worked examples 105
13.1 Five-storey office building 105
13.2 Four-storey office building with atrium 107
13.3 School with conservatory 109
13.4 Nucleus hospital 111
Chapter 14 LT data and worksheet 113
14.1 LT data 114
14.2 The LT worksheet and notes 116
Bibliography 118
Part Three: Case studies
Introduction 120
1 Ionica Headquarters, Cambridge 121
2 St. Mary’s Hospital, Isle of Wight 130
3 Netley Abbey Infants’ School, Hampshire 137
4 Department of Electrical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and
Technology, Trondheim 144
5 BRF Headquarters, Copenhagen 152
Appendices 160
A.1 Glossary 160
A.2 The LT model 161
A.3 LT default values 162
A.4 Design checklist 163
Illustration acknowledgements 164
Index 165
EDITORIAL REVIEW
'A good solid reference book.' - Building
'With the help of a guide such as this, architects are enabled to exchange ideas and to ask more penetrating questions of fellow consultants.' - Architecture Today
With the help of a guide such as this, architects are enabled to exchange ideas and to ask more penetrating questions of fellow consultants. - Architecture Today
