M. Lee & G.A. Reinhardt
University of Alaska Press | 1889963224 | 2003 | PDF | 216 pages | 8 Mb
DESCRIPTION
The architecture of Eskimo peoples represents a diversified and successful means of coping with one of the most severe climates humankind can inhabit. The popular image of the igloo is but one of the many structures examined by experts Lee and Reinhardt in the first book-length and arctic-wide study of this remarkable subject.
Lavishly illustrated with historic and contemporary photographs, drawings, and maps, this volume includes a comprehensive survey of the historical literature on Eskimo architecture around the circumpolar north. Lee and Reinhardt then draw an extended comparative analysis of the geographical, climatic, and ethnographic aspects of an impressive breadth of material from four Arctic subregions: Greenland; the Central Arctic; the Northwest Arctic and Bering Strait; and Southwest Alaska, the Bering Sea, Siberia, and the Gulf of Alaska. In an innovative consideration of both material and cultural aspects of dwelling, they and the peoples they describe redefine the very meaning of "architecture."
While scholars of the circumpolar north will welcome the meticulous research of this benchmark study, its clear and fluent prose and abundant illustrations make Eskimo Architecture an engrossing read for nonspecialists interested in the incredible dwellings of arctic indigenous peoples.
LIST OF CONTENT
1 G R E E N L A N D , 9
WINTER HOUSES, 9
East and West Greenland Stone Communal Houses ~ Polar Eskimo Stone
Houses ~ Alternative Winter Dwellings ~ Aspects of Winter House Life
TRANSITIONAL DWELLINGS, 22
SUMMER DWELLINGS, 22
East and West Greenland Large Single-Arch Tents ~ West Greenland
Double-Arch Tents ~ Northwest Greenland Tents ~ Aspects of Summer
Tent Life
SPECIAL USE STRUCTURES, 28
ASSOCIATED RITUALS AND BELIEFS, 30
NOTES, 32
2 C E N T R A L A R C T I C , 3 5
WINTER HOUSES, 36
Labrador Eskimo Stone Communal Houses ~ Canadian Eskimo Snow
Houses ~ Sallirmiut Stone Houses ~ Alternative Winter Dwellings ~
Aspects of Snow House Life
TRANSITIONAL DWELLINGS, 52
Central Arctic Stone/Bone/Turf Autumn House ~ Iglulik and Netsilik Ice
Autumn House
SUMMER DWELLINGS, 55
Ridge Tents ~ Conical Tents ~ Sallirmiut Double-Arch Tents ~
Alternative Summer Dwellings ~ Aspects of Central Eskimo Tent Life
SPECIAL-USE STRUCTURES, 66
Lesser Structures ~ Birth, Menstrual, and Death Huts ~
Ceremonial Houses
ASSOCIATED RITUALS AND BELIEFS, 69
NOTES, 71
vii
3 N O R T H W E S T A R C T I C A N D B E R I N G S T R A I T, 7 3
WINTER HOUSES, 73
Mackenzie Delta Wooden Houses ~ North Alaska Coast Wooden
Houses ~ Pole-and-Turf Houses ~ Kotzebue Sound Wooden
Houses ~ Seward Peninsula Wooden Houses ~ Bering Strait Islands
Stone Pit-Houses ~ Alternative Winter Dwellings
TRANSITIONAL DWELLINGS, 93
SUMMER DWELLINGS, 94
Short-Pole Conical Tents ~ North Alaska Interior Dome Tents ~
Kobuk River Bark Houses ~ Bering Strait Island Stilt Houses ~
Alternative Summer Dwellings
SPECIAL-USE STRUCTURES, 104
Lesser Structures ~ Birth, Menstrual, and Death Huts ~
Burial Structures ~ Ceremonial Houses
ASSOCIATED RITUALS AND BELIEFS, 113
NOTES, 116
4 S O U T H W E S T A L A S K A , B E R I N G S E A ,
S I B E R I A , A N D G U L F O F A L A S K A , 1 1 9
WINTER HOUSES, 119
Mainland and Insular Alaska Men’s and Women’s Houses ~
Siberian Yupik Houses ~ Alutiiq Houses ~ Alternative Winter Dwellings
TRANSITIONAL DWELLINGS, 144
SUMMER DWELLINGS, 145
Norton Sound Wooden Houses ~ Norton Sound Dome Tents ~
Yukon River Wooden Houses ~ Siberian Eskimo Double-Arch Tents ~
Alutiiq Grass Huts ~ Prince William Sound Plank Huts ~
Alternative Summer Dwellings
SPECIAL-USE STRUCTURES, 152
Lesser Structures ~ Birth, Menstrual, and Mourning Huts ~
Burial Structures ~ Southwest Alaska and Alutiiq Ceremonial Houses
ASSOCIATED RITUALS AND BELIEFS, 154
NOTES, 156
5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS, 159
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF ESKIMO ARCHITECTURE, 159
Similarities Shared by Dwellings Across the Arctic ~ Primary Summer and
Winter Dwelling Types
POSSIBILITIES FOR FURTHER RESEARCH, 162
FUTURE INQUIRIES, 164
Classification of Types ~ Gender Studies ~ Spatial Analyses ~
Meaning and Symbolism ~ Subsistence, Settlement, and Mobility ~
Energy Requirements ~ Ethnographic Details
CULTURAL DIMENSIONS, 168
EDITORIAL REVIEW
"[T]his survey should serve as an important springboard for future theoretical and interpretive studies of Eskimo culture. Recommended." -- Library Journal
"a unique and seminal work of impeccable and ground breaking scholarship" -- Midwest Book Review
University of Alaska Press | 1889963224 | 2003 | PDF | 216 pages | 8 Mb
DESCRIPTION
The architecture of Eskimo peoples represents a diversified and successful means of coping with one of the most severe climates humankind can inhabit. The popular image of the igloo is but one of the many structures examined by experts Lee and Reinhardt in the first book-length and arctic-wide study of this remarkable subject.
Lavishly illustrated with historic and contemporary photographs, drawings, and maps, this volume includes a comprehensive survey of the historical literature on Eskimo architecture around the circumpolar north. Lee and Reinhardt then draw an extended comparative analysis of the geographical, climatic, and ethnographic aspects of an impressive breadth of material from four Arctic subregions: Greenland; the Central Arctic; the Northwest Arctic and Bering Strait; and Southwest Alaska, the Bering Sea, Siberia, and the Gulf of Alaska. In an innovative consideration of both material and cultural aspects of dwelling, they and the peoples they describe redefine the very meaning of "architecture."
While scholars of the circumpolar north will welcome the meticulous research of this benchmark study, its clear and fluent prose and abundant illustrations make Eskimo Architecture an engrossing read for nonspecialists interested in the incredible dwellings of arctic indigenous peoples.
LIST OF CONTENT
1 G R E E N L A N D , 9
WINTER HOUSES, 9
East and West Greenland Stone Communal Houses ~ Polar Eskimo Stone
Houses ~ Alternative Winter Dwellings ~ Aspects of Winter House Life
TRANSITIONAL DWELLINGS, 22
SUMMER DWELLINGS, 22
East and West Greenland Large Single-Arch Tents ~ West Greenland
Double-Arch Tents ~ Northwest Greenland Tents ~ Aspects of Summer
Tent Life
SPECIAL USE STRUCTURES, 28
ASSOCIATED RITUALS AND BELIEFS, 30
NOTES, 32
2 C E N T R A L A R C T I C , 3 5
WINTER HOUSES, 36
Labrador Eskimo Stone Communal Houses ~ Canadian Eskimo Snow
Houses ~ Sallirmiut Stone Houses ~ Alternative Winter Dwellings ~
Aspects of Snow House Life
TRANSITIONAL DWELLINGS, 52
Central Arctic Stone/Bone/Turf Autumn House ~ Iglulik and Netsilik Ice
Autumn House
SUMMER DWELLINGS, 55
Ridge Tents ~ Conical Tents ~ Sallirmiut Double-Arch Tents ~
Alternative Summer Dwellings ~ Aspects of Central Eskimo Tent Life
SPECIAL-USE STRUCTURES, 66
Lesser Structures ~ Birth, Menstrual, and Death Huts ~
Ceremonial Houses
ASSOCIATED RITUALS AND BELIEFS, 69
NOTES, 71
vii
3 N O R T H W E S T A R C T I C A N D B E R I N G S T R A I T, 7 3
WINTER HOUSES, 73
Mackenzie Delta Wooden Houses ~ North Alaska Coast Wooden
Houses ~ Pole-and-Turf Houses ~ Kotzebue Sound Wooden
Houses ~ Seward Peninsula Wooden Houses ~ Bering Strait Islands
Stone Pit-Houses ~ Alternative Winter Dwellings
TRANSITIONAL DWELLINGS, 93
SUMMER DWELLINGS, 94
Short-Pole Conical Tents ~ North Alaska Interior Dome Tents ~
Kobuk River Bark Houses ~ Bering Strait Island Stilt Houses ~
Alternative Summer Dwellings
SPECIAL-USE STRUCTURES, 104
Lesser Structures ~ Birth, Menstrual, and Death Huts ~
Burial Structures ~ Ceremonial Houses
ASSOCIATED RITUALS AND BELIEFS, 113
NOTES, 116
4 S O U T H W E S T A L A S K A , B E R I N G S E A ,
S I B E R I A , A N D G U L F O F A L A S K A , 1 1 9
WINTER HOUSES, 119
Mainland and Insular Alaska Men’s and Women’s Houses ~
Siberian Yupik Houses ~ Alutiiq Houses ~ Alternative Winter Dwellings
TRANSITIONAL DWELLINGS, 144
SUMMER DWELLINGS, 145
Norton Sound Wooden Houses ~ Norton Sound Dome Tents ~
Yukon River Wooden Houses ~ Siberian Eskimo Double-Arch Tents ~
Alutiiq Grass Huts ~ Prince William Sound Plank Huts ~
Alternative Summer Dwellings
SPECIAL-USE STRUCTURES, 152
Lesser Structures ~ Birth, Menstrual, and Mourning Huts ~
Burial Structures ~ Southwest Alaska and Alutiiq Ceremonial Houses
ASSOCIATED RITUALS AND BELIEFS, 154
NOTES, 156
5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS, 159
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF ESKIMO ARCHITECTURE, 159
Similarities Shared by Dwellings Across the Arctic ~ Primary Summer and
Winter Dwelling Types
POSSIBILITIES FOR FURTHER RESEARCH, 162
FUTURE INQUIRIES, 164
Classification of Types ~ Gender Studies ~ Spatial Analyses ~
Meaning and Symbolism ~ Subsistence, Settlement, and Mobility ~
Energy Requirements ~ Ethnographic Details
CULTURAL DIMENSIONS, 168
EDITORIAL REVIEW
"[T]his survey should serve as an important springboard for future theoretical and interpretive studies of Eskimo culture. Recommended." -- Library Journal
"a unique and seminal work of impeccable and ground breaking scholarship" -- Midwest Book Review
